America’s Independence and The Three Cities Empire

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Elizabeth Patterson BonaparteElizabeth “Betsy” Patterson Bonaparte (February 6, 1785 – April 4, 1879) was an American socialite. She was the daughter of a Baltimore merchant, and the first wife of Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleon‘s youngest brother.

Descendants

Her son married Susan May Williams in 1829 and had two children, Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte II (1830–1893) and Charles Joseph Bonaparte (1851–1921), who became Theodore Roosevelt‘s Secretary of the Navy in 1905, and the U.S. Attorney General in 1906.

Jérôme Bonaparte

Jérôme-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Girolamo Buonaparte; 15 November 1784 – 24 June 1860) was the youngest brother of Napoleon I and reigned as Jerome I (formally Hieronymus Napoleon in German), King of Westphalia, between 1807 and 1813. From 1816 onward, he bore the title of Prince of Montfort. After 1848, when his nephew, Louis Napoleon, became President of the French Second Republic, he served in several official roles, including Marshal of France from 1850 onward, and President of the Senate in 1852.

Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte (1805–1870)
- Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte II (1830–1893)
  - Louise-Eugénie Bonaparte (1873–1923)
  - Jerome Napoleon Charles Bonaparte (1878–1945)
  - Charles Joseph Bonaparte (1851–1921)
  - Jérôme Napoléon Charles Bonaparte (1814–1847)
Mathilde Bonaparte (1820–1904), married Anatole Demidoff, 1st Prince of San Donato
Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte (1822–1891), married Princess Clotilde of Savoy
- Napoléon Victor Bonaparte (1862–1926), married Princess Clémentine of Belgium
  - Clotilde Bonaparte (1912–1996), married Serge de Witt
  - Louis Bonaparte (1914–1997), married Alix de Foresta
    - Charles Bonaparte (1950–), married Princess Béatrice of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Jeanne-Françoise Valliccioni
      - Caroline Napoléon Bonaparte (1980–)
      - Jean-Christophe Napoléon Bonaparte (1986–)
      - Sophie Cathérine Bonaparte (1992–)
    - Catherine Bonaparte (1950–), married Marquis Nicola di San Germano, Jean Dualé
    - Laura Bonaparte (1952–), married Jean-Claude Leconte
    - Jérôme Xavier Bonaparte (1957–)
- Napoléon Louis Joseph Jérôme Bonaparte (1864–1932)
- Maria Letizia Bonaparte (1866–1926), married Amedeo, 1st Duke of Aosta

Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris ended the Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States, recognized American independence and established borders for the new nation. After the British defeat at Yorktown, peace talks in Paris began in April 1782 between Richard Oswarld representing Great Britain and the American Peace Commissioners Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams.

The American negotiators were joined by Henry Laurens two days before the preliminary articles of peace were signed on November 30, 1782. The Treaty of Paris, formally ending the war, was not signed until September 3, 1783. The Continental Congress, which was temporarily situated in Annapolis, Maryland, at the time, ratified the Treaty of Paris on January 14, 1784.